The US Department of Defense has placed a follow-on order with Rockwell for 17,673 AN/PSN-11 Precision Lightweight GPS Receivers (PLGRs) for the USAF. Thus far, Rockwell has delivered over 15,000 units (a number are pictured here being inspected prior to shipment) to the US armed forces as part of an original contract that will cover the production of 93,999 GPS receivers by 1998 if all options are exercised. The handheld receivers are being used by individual soldiers in the field and on board various military vehicles and watercraft where needed. Rockwell is also one of the largest suppliers of GPS units to the civilian market, and this latest contract would no doubt contribute greatly to reducing the unit costs of GPS receivers for civil use. (Rockwell)

Newsdesk — Military Aviation

New Raaf Chief:

This 1994 design study represents a critical “missing link” in the history of modern fighter jets. The Common Affordable Lightweight Fighter (CALF) program was the direct predecessor to what we now know as the F-35 Lightning II.The Merger that Created the JSFShortly after this text was written, the Pentagon realized that having two separate “affordable” fighter programs was redundant. In late 1994, CALF (managed by ARPA/DARPA) was merged with the JAST (Joint Advanced Strike Technology) program. This combined effort was eventually renamed the Joint Strike Fighter (JSF) program in 1995.Technical DNA: Northrop vs. LockheedThe “Lift plus Lift/Cruise” system mentioned—using a dedicated lift engine for hover—was the technical path Northrop Grumman chose. It was heavily inspired by Soviet designs like the Yak-38 Forger and the supersonic Yak-141 Freestyle.While Northrop’s design was formidable, the program took a different turn:The Winner: Lockheed Martin’s concept—which used a Shaft-Driven Lift Fan (where the main engine turns a fan via a clutch and shaft)—was ultimately judged to be more efficient and less prone to “hot gas re-ingestion” than the dedicated lift-engine approach.The Outcome: Northrop Grumman eventually joined the Lockheed Martin team as a principal partner rather than a lead competitor. Today, Northrop produces the center fuselage, radar, and key avionics for every F-35 built.The “Affordability” IronyThe text emphasizes “affordability” and “modular” designs. While the F-35 did achieve a high degree of parts commonality (roughly 80% between the CTOL and STOVL versions in early designs), the program became famous for its immense development costs and technical complexity, far exceeding the “lightweight and affordable” goals of the original 1994 ARPA study.

Air Vice Marshall Les Fisher AO will take over the role of RAAF Chief of Air Staff from November this year, replacing Air Marshall Barry Gration AO AFC who has held the post since October 1992. AVM Fisher was appointed Deputy Chief of the Air Staff in November 1993. He joined the RAAF in 1960 as an aircrew cadet, initially graduating as a navigator and serving with No 10 Squadron at Townsville. AVM Fisher earned his full ‘wings’ in 1965, flying Neptunes and then Orions with 11 Squadron. Since then he has served on exchange duties in the USA, and commanded RAAF Bases Townsville and Edinburgh, the Tactical Transport Group, the Maritime Patrol Group and the Australian Defence Force Joint Warfare Centre. In 1991 he was appointed Assistant Chief of the Defence Force before becoming Deputy CAS.

Lockheed-Martin Marietta Merge:

Lockheed and Martin Marietta have agreed to merge through an exchange of common stock worth more than $US10bn, creating a new corporation called Lockheed Martin. This is the latest in a recent series of US industry amalgamations which have seen Northrop acquire Grumman, the resulting Northrop Grumman Corp taking over Vought earlier this year, while Lockheed itself took over General Dynamics’ Fort Worth Division (maker of the F-16 fighter) in 1992. Martin Marietta already has associations with General Electric’s aerospace businesses and General Dynamics’ space systems unit. The Lockheed Martin merger creates the world’s second largest aerospace company in terms of turnover, just behind Boeing. Between them, Lockheed and Martin recorded sales of $US22.5bn in 1993 and profits of $US1.68bn. The new giant employs some 170,000 people and is only about two billion dollars behind Boeing in annual turnover.

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